Digital transformation is driving the emergence of digital-first organizations facing the challenges of implementing Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG). This study aims to compare the priority of ESG dimensions in Java (Indonesia) and the ASEAN region, and to formulate an appropriate ESG-based governance model. The method used is Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making (Fuzzy-MCDM) with Fuzzy-AHP integration to determine the dimension/indicator weights and Fuzzy-TOPSIS to rank priorities. Data were obtained from 270 expert respondents (150 from Java and 120 from ASEAN) with the criteria of at least five years of experience in the field of digital governance or ESG. The results show that in Java (Indonesia), the Social dimension is the top priority (0.42), with the highest indicators being digital literacy and inclusion, consumer protection, and worker welfare. Conversely, in ASEAN, the Governance dimension is more dominant (0.39) which emphasizes transparency, cross-border regulatory compliance, and energy efficiency. These findings support stakeholder theory and legitimacy theory, and propose a Hybrid ESG Governance Model framework, with Social-centered ESG for Java and Governance-centered ESG for ASEAN. This research is also relevant to SDGs 9, which focuses on strengthening inclusive digital infrastructure; SDGs 12, which promotes e-waste management and energy efficiency; and SDGs 16, which strengthens transparent and accountable digital governance.

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Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG)-Based Governance Model for Digital-First Organizations: A Comparative Study in Java and ASEAN Regions Using the Fuzzy-MCDM Method

  • Ratih Pratiwi,
  • Kartini Harahap,
  • Misrina,
  • Tiyas Vika Widyastuti,
  • Ummy Kalsum

摘要

Digital transformation is driving the emergence of digital-first organizations facing the challenges of implementing Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG). This study aims to compare the priority of ESG dimensions in Java (Indonesia) and the ASEAN region, and to formulate an appropriate ESG-based governance model. The method used is Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making (Fuzzy-MCDM) with Fuzzy-AHP integration to determine the dimension/indicator weights and Fuzzy-TOPSIS to rank priorities. Data were obtained from 270 expert respondents (150 from Java and 120 from ASEAN) with the criteria of at least five years of experience in the field of digital governance or ESG. The results show that in Java (Indonesia), the Social dimension is the top priority (0.42), with the highest indicators being digital literacy and inclusion, consumer protection, and worker welfare. Conversely, in ASEAN, the Governance dimension is more dominant (0.39) which emphasizes transparency, cross-border regulatory compliance, and energy efficiency. These findings support stakeholder theory and legitimacy theory, and propose a Hybrid ESG Governance Model framework, with Social-centered ESG for Java and Governance-centered ESG for ASEAN. This research is also relevant to SDGs 9, which focuses on strengthening inclusive digital infrastructure; SDGs 12, which promotes e-waste management and energy efficiency; and SDGs 16, which strengthens transparent and accountable digital governance.