The chapter explores the concept of human dignity from both individual and social perspectives, emphasizing the need for a normative, legal, and moral foundation supported by historical, analytical, and systematic arguments. It highlights Indigenous resistance movements’ denunciation of an anti-Indigenous agenda in the Brazilian government, particularly during the COVID-19 crisis, due to increased rights violations and exploitation of Indigenous lands. The document discusses the historical impact of colonization on Indigenous populations, including population reduction due to wars, diseases, and social disruption. It also explores the exploitation of Indigenous lands by the Portuguese Crown, the creation of the Indian Protection Service (SPI), and subsequent governmental policies. The text emphasizes the Brazilian government’s prioritization of legislative acts based on the exploitation of Indigenous lands, reflecting an “anti-Indigenous” government plan. In addition, the chapter discusses the Indigenous resistance movement’s legal actions and the Brazilian State’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on Indigenous communities. References to legal and academic sources, offering a comprehensive exploration of the topic, constitute the seven subsections of this chapter.