Objective: to analyze trends in Brazilian theses and dissertations on the challenges of ethical or legal use in the development and implementation of artificial intelligence solutions in the health field. This narrative literature review was conducted in September 2024, using the Thesis and Dissertation Database of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel and the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations. No time period was defined. Results: Six Brazilian studies were found, of which four were dissertations and two were theses developed between 2020 and 2023. Four studies were conducted in the Southeast and two in the South of Brazil. The challenges address civil liability, explainability, equity, and the need for continuing education. The absence of studies focused on the specificities of the elderly was identified as a gap. Conclusion: There is an urgent need to promote the union of different areas of knowledge, such as information and communication technology, data science, health professionals, ethics and bioethics, and areas of the humanities such as law, to build effective AI-based solutions and develop a solid and effective ethical framework. Scientific integrity is fundamental in the creation, use, and monitoring of artificial intelligence.