Prevention of Postpartum Hemorrhage
摘要
Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is classically defined as blood loss ≥500 mL after a vaginal birth or ≥1000 mL after a cesarean delivery [1]. It is a common obstetric emergency, with an estimated global prevalence of roughly 3–5% of all births, though rates vary widely by region [1]. PPH remains the leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide, responsible for approximately one-quarter of all maternal deaths [2]. Each year, about 14 million women experience PPH, resulting in around 70,000 maternal deaths globally [1]. This burden is disproportionately high in low-resource settings, particularly sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, where two-thirds of the world’s births occur and where the risk of death from PPH is highest [3]. Even when not fatal, severe hemorrhage can lead to serious morbidity—organ failure, emergency surgeries (such as hysterectomy), transfusion complications, and long-term health consequences [4]. Importantly, many of these deaths and complications are preventable with timely interventions [2].