Scholarlink

This study investigates the use of recycled construction and demolition waste (CDW) as a replacement for natural fine aggregate in 3D printed concrete (3DPC), addressing both sustainability and performance. As the construction industry seeks to reduce its environmental footprint and preserve natural resources, CDW offers a promising path for material circularity and waste minimization. Natural sand was replaced with CDW at 25%, 50%, and 100%, and mechanical and durability performance were evaluated. Compressive strength tests at 28 days showed minimal effect at low replacement levels, while 100% replacement increased strength by up to 21%, ascribed to improved particle packing. Durability, assessed via oxygen permeability, water sorptivity and chloride conductivity, decreased at partial replacement but reached “excellent” performance at 100% replacement, reflecting a denser, more homogeneous microstructure. These results demonstrate the potential of CDW as a sustainable, high-performance aggregate for 3DPC and provide guidance for optimizing mix designs to support circular material use and low-carbon construction in additive manufacturing.

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Durability and Mechanical Performance of 3D Printed Concrete Incorporating Recycled Construction and Demolition Waste

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Aobakwe Ditlhokwa,
  • Gideon van Zijl,
  • Adewumi John Babafemi

摘要

This study investigates the use of recycled construction and demolition waste (CDW) as a replacement for natural fine aggregate in 3D printed concrete (3DPC), addressing both sustainability and performance. As the construction industry seeks to reduce its environmental footprint and preserve natural resources, CDW offers a promising path for material circularity and waste minimization. Natural sand was replaced with CDW at 25%, 50%, and 100%, and mechanical and durability performance were evaluated. Compressive strength tests at 28 days showed minimal effect at low replacement levels, while 100% replacement increased strength by up to 21%, ascribed to improved particle packing. Durability, assessed via oxygen permeability, water sorptivity and chloride conductivity, decreased at partial replacement but reached “excellent” performance at 100% replacement, reflecting a denser, more homogeneous microstructure. These results demonstrate the potential of CDW as a sustainable, high-performance aggregate for 3DPC and provide guidance for optimizing mix designs to support circular material use and low-carbon construction in additive manufacturing.