Built Cultural Heritage and Earthquakes: More Than 1000 Shaking Table Tests, the New European Code and Applications
摘要
Earthquakes pose a significant threat to masonry heritage structures, whose high mass, material brittleness, and often inadequate connections make them highly vulnerable to out-of-plane collapse. While European standards guide the design and assessment of modern masonry buildings, specific provisions for historic masonry are only now being considered, creating a gap between research knowledge and regulatory practice. The STAND4HERITAGE project was initiated to address this challenge, aiming to bridge experimental research, numerical modelling, and regulatory frameworks to improve the seismic assessment and conservation of built cultural heritage. The project is structured around four interconnected work packages, which include the study of the seismic action, an extensive shaking table experimental campaign, the development and calibration of numerical models, and the definition of new standards and intervention guidelines. This paper presents an overview of the experimental campaign’s outcomes, which involved over 1000 shaking table tests investigating three key out-of-plane failure mechanisms: plain single rocking block, one-way vertical bending wall, and two-way vertical bending complex U-shape structures. Dry-joint masonry specimens of varying geometries, boundary conditions, and scales are tested under both simplified inputs and recorded earthquake motions. The results provide reliable data for the calibration and validation of analytical and numerical models, produce fragility curves and performance benchmarks, and establish a robust experimental foundation to assist the future European standards.