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Functionally graded materials (FGMs) exhibit spatial variations in composition and properties that enable tailored mechanical performance. While conventional cementitious construction materials are typically homogeneous, the development of graded structures remains challenging, particularly under structural loading. This study investigates a functionally graded fiber-reinforced cementitious material with a variable glass fiber distribution across the cross-section, produced using a Selective Paste Intrusion (SPI) additive manufacturing technique. The objective is to achieve mechanical performance comparable to that of a homogeneous fiber-reinforced material while reducing overall fiber content. The process feasibility is assessed through rheological and penetration criteria based on a modified Darcy’s law, highlighting the necessity for paste yield stress to remain below the resistance threshold of the porous medium. Experimental results from flexural tests demonstrate that functionally graded specimens, incorporating approximately half the fiber dosage, exhibit flexural strengths similar to those of conventionally cast materials. These findings confirm the potential of functionally graded cementitious materials combined with additive manufacturing techniques as a promising pathway toward more efficient and sustainable structural materials. This study opens new perspectives for the development of functionally graded fiber-reinforced construction materials and highlights the potential of emerging 3D printing technologies in structural engineering applications.

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Glass Fiber Gradients in Cementitious Materials: Rheological Challenge and Validation of Mechanical Performance

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Mayeva Noufename,
  • Alexandre Pierre,
  • Emmanuel Elat,
  • Luc Mambou,
  • Ruben Mouangue,
  • Javad Eslami

摘要

Functionally graded materials (FGMs) exhibit spatial variations in composition and properties that enable tailored mechanical performance. While conventional cementitious construction materials are typically homogeneous, the development of graded structures remains challenging, particularly under structural loading. This study investigates a functionally graded fiber-reinforced cementitious material with a variable glass fiber distribution across the cross-section, produced using a Selective Paste Intrusion (SPI) additive manufacturing technique. The objective is to achieve mechanical performance comparable to that of a homogeneous fiber-reinforced material while reducing overall fiber content. The process feasibility is assessed through rheological and penetration criteria based on a modified Darcy’s law, highlighting the necessity for paste yield stress to remain below the resistance threshold of the porous medium. Experimental results from flexural tests demonstrate that functionally graded specimens, incorporating approximately half the fiber dosage, exhibit flexural strengths similar to those of conventionally cast materials. These findings confirm the potential of functionally graded cementitious materials combined with additive manufacturing techniques as a promising pathway toward more efficient and sustainable structural materials. This study opens new perspectives for the development of functionally graded fiber-reinforced construction materials and highlights the potential of emerging 3D printing technologies in structural engineering applications.