In the context of global changes, digitalization has become a driving force for economic development, making the issues of digital transformation and the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in enterprises and all areas of business extremely relevant. This research analyzes existing interpretations of AI and provides an overview of the basic tools and promising technological trends in AI, including machine learning, computer vision, transformers, and AI agents. The authors formulate and propose conceptual guidelines for implementing AI technologies in enterprises undergoing digital transformation to enhance innovation and financial performance. The research demonstrates the effectiveness of adopting AI as an informational solution that fully contributes to the sustainable development of an enterprise and the achievement of its primary goals. Managing a company’s digital transformation is possible only by creating methodological concepts that integrate AI into business processes at the strategic, tactical, and operational levels. Optimizing business processes based on AI services refines production, generates additional value, increases labor productivity and product quality, and manages supply chains. The research proposes a methodological approach centered on developing a mechanism for optimizing an enterprise’s business processes through the application of AI technologies in the context of ensuring its sustainable development.