The relevance of this research to Russia’s economy arises from the necessity to diversify away from raw material dependence and modernize and technologically update. In the face of global competition and sanctions pressure, the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies represents a strategic move toward increasing labor productivity, optimizing resources, stimulating economic growth, and enhancing competitiveness in the global market. The country possesses significant potential for applying AI in sectors such as energy, agriculture, and transportation. The research focuses on AI technologies and their implementation across various sectors of Russia’s economy. The research aims to assess the impact of these technologies on the sustainable development of the nation’s economy. The research aims to determine the role of AI in ensuring the sustainable development of the Russian economy. The primary research objectives include analyzing the current application of AI in Russia and identifying the obstacles and opportunities for its advancement. The research methodology is based on a comprehensive analysis of statistical data, expert assessments, and a comparative study of AI implementation experiences in other countries. The novelty of this research lies in the systematization of data on the impact of AI on Russia’s economy, with an emphasis on sustainable development and the integration of advanced technologies. Another important aspect is the conducted survey (using questionnaires) to explore public opinion regarding the integration of AI technologies into professional activities, exemplified by the journalistic community. The research findings show that the implementation of AI contributes to a 15–20% increase in labor productivity, a 10–15% reduction in production costs, and an acceleration of innovation. However, barriers such as inadequate digital infrastructure and a shortage of qualified personnel remain.