Fiber optic inspectionFiber optic inspection has become a cornerstone of advanced structural health monitoringStructural health monitoring (SHM) strategies in aerospace engineering, driven by the increasing demand for real-time, high-resolution, and minimally invasive sensing technologies. This chapter provides an overview of fiber optic sensor technologies and their implementation in aerospace structuresAerospace structures. The integration of fiber optic sensors into aerospace components—such as composite materialsComposite materials, metallic structures, adhesive joints, and sandwich panels—enables continuous monitoring of strain, temperature, vibration, delamination, and impact events through both localized and distributed sensing configurations. Potential structural damagesStructural damages can be identified at early stages, thereby reducing the risk of adverse events.