Scalability and transaction inefficiency remain critical bottlenecks in Bitcoin’s design. This prompted the evolution of the Bitcoin Lightning Network as an off-chain extension for fast and inexpensive payments. However, the absence of intrinsic validation and auditing capabilities of the protocol limits its deployment in environments that demand traceability and accountability. This manuscript presents a secure enhancement of the Bitcoin Lightning Network that introduces a dual-level hash verification mechanism which combines SHA-256 with MD5 masking to ensure transaction integrity across payment channels. Furthermore, an audit layer implemented using SQLite enables transparent and tamper-resistant logging of off-chain activities. The proposed framework improves the integrity and accountability of Lightning transactions while maintaining the scalability and low-latency characteristics of the system, thus establishing a verifiable foundation for secure and auditable micropayment infrastructures.

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Towards Trustworthy Off-Chain Payments: A Secure Lightning Network Model

  • Rashmi P. Sarode,
  • Yutaka Watanobe,
  • Subhash Bhalla

摘要

Scalability and transaction inefficiency remain critical bottlenecks in Bitcoin’s design. This prompted the evolution of the Bitcoin Lightning Network as an off-chain extension for fast and inexpensive payments. However, the absence of intrinsic validation and auditing capabilities of the protocol limits its deployment in environments that demand traceability and accountability. This manuscript presents a secure enhancement of the Bitcoin Lightning Network that introduces a dual-level hash verification mechanism which combines SHA-256 with MD5 masking to ensure transaction integrity across payment channels. Furthermore, an audit layer implemented using SQLite enables transparent and tamper-resistant logging of off-chain activities. The proposed framework improves the integrity and accountability of Lightning transactions while maintaining the scalability and low-latency characteristics of the system, thus establishing a verifiable foundation for secure and auditable micropayment infrastructures.