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We present the results of a comprehensive study of late Iron Age iron production at the site of Kara-Dyt III (Republic of Tuva, Southern Siberia), dating to the 3rd–6th c. CE. The excavations revealed a metallurgical workshop with oval furnaces, charcoals, significant accumulations of smelting slag, and evidence of ore processing. They became the subject of archeometallurgical and dendrochronological investigations. The analysis of the slag through optical microscopy and XRF confirmed the smelting activities at the site, indicating the use of Ulaatai hematite-magnetite ores, which is located almost 40 km from the studied furnaces. The question is raised about the feasibility of moving raw materials over such long distances. The furnace types and slag composition show technological parallels with other South Siberian and Central Asian metallurgical traditions, raising questions about the transfer of knowledge and possible connections with neighboring regions.

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Tracing the Origins: First Archaeometallurgical Analysis of Slags from Kara-Dyt III (The 3rd–6th Centuries CE, Tuva, Southern Siberia)

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Varvara S. Busova,
  • Maksim N. Ankushev,
  • Maya O. Filatova,
  • Anna R. Agatova,
  • Roman K. Nepop,
  • Olga V. Sycheva

摘要

We present the results of a comprehensive study of late Iron Age iron production at the site of Kara-Dyt III (Republic of Tuva, Southern Siberia), dating to the 3rd–6th c. CE. The excavations revealed a metallurgical workshop with oval furnaces, charcoals, significant accumulations of smelting slag, and evidence of ore processing. They became the subject of archeometallurgical and dendrochronological investigations. The analysis of the slag through optical microscopy and XRF confirmed the smelting activities at the site, indicating the use of Ulaatai hematite-magnetite ores, which is located almost 40 km from the studied furnaces. The question is raised about the feasibility of moving raw materials over such long distances. The furnace types and slag composition show technological parallels with other South Siberian and Central Asian metallurgical traditions, raising questions about the transfer of knowledge and possible connections with neighboring regions.