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This paper presents a study of crushed glassy metallurgical slag uncovered during excavations of the Sintashta cultural layer at the Stepnoye fortified settlement in the Trans-Urals steppe. The mineralogical composition of the slag fragments was analyzed using optical microscopy, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). As part of this study, 34 plate slag samples from the Stepnoye settlement were additionally examined via XRF. Comparative analysis of the glassy and plate slag compositions suggests that the glassy slag does not represent different stages of smelting processes but rather originates from the peripheral zones of the plate slag “cake”. The glassy slag was intentionally crushed to extract large copper prills. For the Stepnoye settlement, two possible sources of copper raw materials are preliminarily assumed: skarn or volcanic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits in ultrabasic rocks and Cu-Zn VMS deposits in basic rocks on the eastern flank of the East Ural megazone.

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Crushed Metallurgical Slag in the Ditch Filling of the Stepnoye Fortified Settlement (Late Bronze Age, Southern Trans-Urals)

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Natalia S. Batanina,
  • Maksim N. Ankushev,
  • Fedor N. Petrov,
  • Ivan A. Blinov

摘要

This paper presents a study of crushed glassy metallurgical slag uncovered during excavations of the Sintashta cultural layer at the Stepnoye fortified settlement in the Trans-Urals steppe. The mineralogical composition of the slag fragments was analyzed using optical microscopy, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). As part of this study, 34 plate slag samples from the Stepnoye settlement were additionally examined via XRF. Comparative analysis of the glassy and plate slag compositions suggests that the glassy slag does not represent different stages of smelting processes but rather originates from the peripheral zones of the plate slag “cake”. The glassy slag was intentionally crushed to extract large copper prills. For the Stepnoye settlement, two possible sources of copper raw materials are preliminarily assumed: skarn or volcanic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits in ultrabasic rocks and Cu-Zn VMS deposits in basic rocks on the eastern flank of the East Ural megazone.