What does it mean to be human in an age when machines can think, write, and decide? As artificial intelligence challenges long-held assumptions about cognition and expertise, the social sciences face a deeper problem: their fragmented frameworks no longer capture how human life actually works. This chapter makes the case for a systemic rethinking of the social sciences. Drawing on the tradition of systems theory and evolutionary thinking, it introduces the Vitruvian Framework—a unifying model that integrates biology, culture, institutions, technology, and moral order into a single analytical scaffold. Rather than treating economics, psychology, politics, and anthropology as isolated domains, the framework shows how they coevolve and shape one another. The chapter guides the reader from the limits of brain-centric and discipline-bound explanations toward a systems view of humanity—one that is better equipped to explain real-world complexity. Artificial intelligence is not presented as a threat, but as a catalyst: a mirror that exposes the weaknesses of old paradigms and accelerates the need for a more integrated, evolutionary science of human behavior and society.