The article presents the concept of modern metrology as a response to the challenges of industry and digital transformation. It shows that Metrology 5.0 represents the next stage in the development of measurement science, combining issues of accuracy with intelligent technologies and a human-centered approach. The human being becomes the central subject of the industrial revolution, not only supervising processes but also co-creating solutions based on data and artificial intelligence. Attention is drawn to the problems of the generation entering the labor market and the way it perceives the surrounding world. The evolution of industry and metrology from version 1.0 to 5.0 is discussed, emphasizing the importance of measurements for production quality and innovation. On the path toward Metrology 5.0, a key role is played by digital technologies, artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, digital twins, and multisensor measurement systems that support real-time data analysis. The article also points out technological challenges such as cybersecurity, data reliability, system integration, and the need to comply with the principles of sustainable development. Metrology 5.0 is therefore not only a technological innovation but also a social and cultural change, requiring a new approach to education, ethics, and human–technology collaboration.