The digital content’s mass adoption opens up a lot of possibilities for children to be victims of serious dangers such as cyberbullying, online aggressiveness, and digital exploitation. AI is the technology that can detect, disrupt, and mitigate these dangers proactively. The systematic review used the PRISMA method to review the newly developed AI approaches to protecting children on the internet. Key phrases such as “child online protection”, “AI for child safety”, and “cyberbullying detection” were employed for the complete literary search that was conducted through IEEE, Scopus, Web of Science, Springer, and institutional publications (e.g., UNICEF). In total, 55 articles published between 2020 and 2025 were included in the process after a strict selection and filtering procedure. AI techniques have further been found to be dependent on the understanding of the visual content, the use of natural language processing (NLP) and the combination of various modalities to identify violent content, cyberbullying and risky behaviors. These techniques are very promising, yet they are still hindered by the limitations of real-time processing, privacy concerns, and the bias of datasets. Openness to the creation of stronger multimodal systems, legal and ethical frameworks getting more intertwined, and the increase in performance and reliability of AI-driven tools are among the future possibilities.