The energy transition is one of the key challenges facing today’s economy and environmental policy. The implementation of renewable energy sources (RES) in enterprises requires not only access to modern technologies, but also organizational changes, transparent regulations, and access to investment financing. The aim of the study was to identify the key factors influencing the process of RES implementation in Polish enterprises. The research had an exploratory character and was based on a qualitative method, individual in-depth interviews (IDI) conducted with three respondents representing both expert and implementation perspectives. Qualitative data analysis using MAXQDA software made it possible to identify four groups of factors determining the adoption of RES: financial-organizational, technological and quality-related, regulatory, and strategic-environmental. The results confirm that the effectiveness of the energy transition in Poland depends equally on access to financial instruments, the quality of investment planning and energy management, as well as stable legal frameworks and effective institutional support. The study provides an in-depth insight into the conditions shaping the implementation of renewable solutions at the enterprise level and constitutes a starting point for further analyses on the role of organizational competencies and environmental awareness in the process of green transformation.