The aim of the study is to determine the impact of selected ecological cooling methods and their application conditions on air pollution emissions during the turning of the titanium alloy Ti6Al4V. In the context of human health, pollutant emissions are associated with the potential risk of respiratory, cardiovascular, and cancer diseases, especially in the case of long-term exposure to PM dust and TVOC. During the experimental tests, pollution levels were monitored for dry machining, minimum quantity lubrication (MQL), minimum quantity cooling and lubrication (MQCL), and minimum quantity lubrication with alumina nanoparticles (MQL+ Al2O3). The analysed pollutants included: carbon dioxide (CO₂), total volatile organic compounds in the gas phase (TVOC), and particulate matter PM1.0, PM2.5, PM5.0, and PM10.0. The statistical analysis using the Pareto method showed that the cooling method has the greatest impact on pollutant emissions. The lowest levels of pollution were found during dry machining, while for ecological cooling methods, it is recommended to use the maximum air flow rate and the cooling-lubrication fluid flow rate in the range of 0.7–0.9 g/min. The highest TVOC values were observed for the MQL + Al2O3 method, while for PM2.5, the highest emissions were found for MQL. This is due to changes in viscosity, surface tension, and lubrication properties of the cutting fluid (CF). The results obtained from this study make a significant contribution to the search for the most efficient cooling methods in machining processes, considering both health and environmental aspects.