Water is a fundamental resource on earth that sustains life, yet its availability is becoming scarce daily. Excessive consumption, increase in industry activities, pollution and climate change due to global increase in population are reasons for water scarcity. Water resources should be given top priority due to the importance of water to life. Planning the availability and future development of this essential and scarce resource can be achieved through water sustainability practices. This paper explores methods of water conservation, the role of microorganisms in recycling water, mitigating the impacts of pollution, climate change and promoting sustainable environmental practices. Water scarcity and deterioration of the environment are issues faced globally and can be resolved using microorganisms in wastewater treatment, wastewater recycling, and reuse. This paper also discussed the benefits, challenges, and offers predictions for the future on how microorganisms will be employed in water conservation efforts. The findings ultimately provided scalable solutions to water conservation and sustainable practices making water treatment, wastewater recycling and reuse economically viable.