NaKATPase is absolutely necessary for the secretory function of the gland. It is localized to the basolateral membrane of the cell. It is likely regulated by changes in intracellular sodium concentration. NKCC1 is present on the basolateral membrane of the gland. Activation is the result of lowering of intracellular chloride that activates WNK, which in turn activates SPAK/OSR1 that then phosphorylates NKCC1. CFTR from the rectal gland is on the apical surface of the cells and cycles in and out of the membrane in response to stimulation. At least three types of potassium channels have been cloned from the rectal gland. A model for the transport of NaCl is presented. Chloride, together with sodium and potassium, enters the cell via a sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter, NKCC1, powered by the electrochemical gradient for sodium directed into the cell. The gradient for sodium is maintained by the activity of NaKATPase. Potassium leaves the cell via potassium channels located in the basolateral side of the cells following its chemical gradient. Chloride leaves the cell through a CFTR on the apical surface of the cell following an electrical gradient that is sufficient to overcome the steep chemical gradient for chloride across the apical membrane. Sodium follows via a paracellular pathway.