This chapter reframes sustainable development not as humanity’s post–Cold War peace project, but as the latest arena where power is reorganized. What began with the hopeful “liturgies” of Rio (1992), Kyoto (1997), and Paris (2015)—a belief that the planet could unite nations beyond ideology—quickly became a geopolitical language. Ecology turned into a currency of influence: whoever defines “sustainability” sets the rules of trade, finance, and legitimacy. The chapter maps three competing strategies. The European Union, militarily modest but regulatorily formidable, weaponizes standards—taxonomies, carbon borders, value-chain morality—turning virtue into normative power. China treats ecology as industrial conquest, securing rare metals, dominating solar and battery supply chains, and building “green dependence.” The United States arrives later but forcefully: measures like the Inflation Reduction Act frame climate policy as industrial revival and technological reconquest. A widening North–South fracture follows. The Global North speaks of neutrality and ESG; the Global South answers with justice, sovereignty, and the right to develop—warning that green morality can become neocolonialism. As the transition shifts from oil to metals, from pipelines to data, sustainability becomes a contested architecture of control: standards, supply chains, infrastructure, algorithms, and narratives. The chapter concludes that green politics is not the end of geopolitics, but its transformation into a struggle over the future.