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In addressing socio-ecological crises linked to development-driven growth, this chapter investigates inclusive and sustainable human-environmental governance as practiced in Tenganan, Bali. Based on the interviews, observation, and documents’ review conducted within a qualitative approach in a structured case study as guided by the Social-Ecological Systems (SES) framework in this chapter, this chapter investigates how institutions of custom mediate shared values to concrete rules and ecological outcomes. The analysis argues that inalienable customary rights, awig-awig (customary law), habituation-based sanctions, and the subak irrigation system, integrated into a consolidated governance arrangement, are an institution supporting forest–agricultural landscape conservation through nurturing social capital. Embedded within the Balinese philosophy of Tri Hita Karana, participatory discussion and leadership oversight influence daily practices (for instance, tree cutting; water use; extraction of non-timber forest products) such that they remain congruent with collectively sanctioned norms. The contributions of this chapter include: (1) an SES-based map that explains how governance can shape interactions between users and resources and their outcomes; and (2) policy guidelines to formalize co-management with traditional institutions, strengthen intergenerational knowledge, and align development planing with existing structures at the local level. In conclusion, the case demonstrates that culturally embedded governance can endure and support livelihood security in response to spreading external threats while preserving ecological integrity and offers general sustainability design principles for other customary landscapes.

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Customary-Based Environmental Management as an Inclusive Solution for Sustainable Local Communities: A Case Study of Tenganan, Bali, Indonesia

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Yumantoko,
  • I. Wayan Rupa,
  • I. Gusti Ngurah Jayanti,
  • Carolina,
  • Eko Wahyono,
  • Tri Bastuti Purwantini,
  • Herlina,
  • Abdul Manan,
  • Rio Heykhal Belvage

摘要

In addressing socio-ecological crises linked to development-driven growth, this chapter investigates inclusive and sustainable human-environmental governance as practiced in Tenganan, Bali. Based on the interviews, observation, and documents’ review conducted within a qualitative approach in a structured case study as guided by the Social-Ecological Systems (SES) framework in this chapter, this chapter investigates how institutions of custom mediate shared values to concrete rules and ecological outcomes. The analysis argues that inalienable customary rights, awig-awig (customary law), habituation-based sanctions, and the subak irrigation system, integrated into a consolidated governance arrangement, are an institution supporting forest–agricultural landscape conservation through nurturing social capital. Embedded within the Balinese philosophy of Tri Hita Karana, participatory discussion and leadership oversight influence daily practices (for instance, tree cutting; water use; extraction of non-timber forest products) such that they remain congruent with collectively sanctioned norms. The contributions of this chapter include: (1) an SES-based map that explains how governance can shape interactions between users and resources and their outcomes; and (2) policy guidelines to formalize co-management with traditional institutions, strengthen intergenerational knowledge, and align development planing with existing structures at the local level. In conclusion, the case demonstrates that culturally embedded governance can endure and support livelihood security in response to spreading external threats while preserving ecological integrity and offers general sustainability design principles for other customary landscapes.