This chapter explores the historical and conceptual relationship between liberalism and Westernization in Turkey. It argues that Turkish liberalism has developed through continuous references to changing Western norms. From the late Ottoman period to the post–Cold War era, demands for constitutionalism, individual freedom, and limits on state power were repeatedly framed as requirements of “becoming Western.” However, Westernization was interpreted in conflicting ways by liberals: while some associated it with parliamentary restraint and pluralism, others equated it with elite-led modernization as well as centralized authority. The chapter shows that these differences were shaped by domestic struggles and transformations within the West itself. As Western models fragmented and lost their normative coherence, Turkish liberalism has likewise entered a period of disorientation, undermining its intellectual authority and political appeal, and its pro-Western discourses have become increasingly vulnerable to critique and reversal.