This chapter traces the intellectual roots of Turkish radical right and ultranationalism, showing that they are not fringe phenomena but integral parts of broader political transformations throughout Republican Turkish history. Initially, groups like the Ülkü Ocakları (Grey Wolves) were primarily defined by their opposition to communism, often acting as a “nationalist-Sunni” defence against perceived internal and external leftist threats and protected by the state itself. In the post-Cold War era, there has been a shift toward defensive nationalism. The author argues that current anti-European sentiments are rooted in a long history of suspicion of all things European, eventually settling into a narrative in which European norms are seen as impositions on the Turkish national spirit. Along with the legal and policy repertoire to eliminate rivals and to deter anti-government solidarity, the radical right increasingly utilized a civilizational narrative built on binaries of a native culture against Western civilization. This anti-Westernism is further fueled by an eternal trauma regarding the Ottoman collapse, framed as a Western plot (the Sèvres Syndrome and its current reiterations). The chapter criticizes the currency of the notion of collective authoritarianism, as well as the exceptional treatment of new forms of fascism in the Turkish context. The author engages with the debates on exclusionary versus inclusionary populism, the historical roots of anti-Communism and anti-Westernism, the background of social movements providing the backbone of radical right-wing ideologies, and provides a template for the continued legacy of Us versus Them, or People versus Enemies of the State binaries across the political spectrum. Her conclusions include a prediction about the future of radical right-wing politics and the gradual osmosis of nativism into the registers of Turkish political culture, and emphasize the importance of protecting everyday life.