With the continuous development of the global economy, the generation of high-concentration organic wastewater has been increasing. Such wastewater is characterized by high organic content and complex composition, and if not properly treated, it can pollute the ecological environment and threaten human health. This paper focuses on the treatment technologies for high-concentration organic wastewater. First, the types of high-concentration organic wastewater are outlined, including pesticide wastewater, livestock and poultry breeding wastewater, chemical industrial wastewater, and food processing wastewater, along with an analysis of their characteristics and hazards. Then, the treatment technologies for high-concentration organic wastewater are introduced, covering physical, chemical, biological, and combined methods. Finally, future development directions for high-concentration organic wastewater treatment technologies are prospected.