This study analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of atmospheric pollutants and their correlations with meteorological factors in 13 cities of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region from 2014 to 2021, based on air pollutant and meteorological data. The results showed that the annual mean concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, CO, and NO2 exhibited overall downward trends, with reductions of 57.10%, 48.90%, 83.02%, 52.94%, and 36.17%, respectively. In contrast, O3 concentration decreased by 27.30% during 2014–2018 but increased by 7.68% during 2018–2021. Spatially, pollutant concentrations were higher in the south and lower in the north. Cities such as Baoding and Shijiazhuang in the southern region experienced significant decreases in multiple pollutants, with SO2 and CO continuously meeting the WHO IT-1 air quality standard since 2014, and NO2 reaching the standard from 2021. Although PM2.5 and PM10 did not yet meet the standard, their reductions were remarkable. Correlation analysis of pollutants and meteorological factors in Beijing, Xingtai, and Zhangjiakou revealed broadly consistent patterns: temperature, precipitation, and wind speed were generally negatively correlated with PM2.5 and PM10, while relative humidity tended to be positively correlated; O3 showed significant positive correlations with temperature and wind speed, and negative correlations with relative humidity or precipitation in some areas. In other words, higher temperature, stronger wind, and precipitation help reduce particulate matter concentrations, whereas higher temperature promotes ozone levels.