This study aims to explore the control measures of pollutant emissions from solid waste incineration under the concept of green environmental protection. By optimizing the incineration process, integrating flue gas purification technology and resource utilization, the current incineration pollution status and technical challenges are systematically analyzed. Taking the Shanghai Laogang III project as an example, the results of the study show that: by precisely controlling the combustion temperature (1100 ± 50 °C) and flue gas residence time (≥3 s), a reduction rate of 85% and a power generation of 350 kWh per ton of waste were achieved; the pollutant emissions were comprehensively better than the national standards, of which PM₂. ₅, Hg and dioxin concentrations were reduced to 8 mg/m3, 0.002 mg/m3 and 0.04 ng TEQ/m3, respectively, and Hg and dioxin emissions were only 40% of the EU standard. However, HCl emissions (12 mg/m3) were still higher than EU standards, highlighting the inadequacy of front-end waste segregation and management. The study provides technical references for the green transformation of solid waste incineration and points out that source separation, policy implementation and public participation need to be strengthened in the future in order to improve the whole process management.