To address the challenges of wastewater pollution and resource utilization in aquaculture, a bio-mass ratio of fish to vegetables was proposed based on feeding rates and aquaculture effluent discharge. This study integrates land-based circular canvas tank recirculating aquaculture systems with vegetable substrate cultivation, constructing an economically feasible LCCTR aquaponics system. After 105 days of co-cultivating bass (Micropterus salmoides) after approximately one month of temporary rearing, the results indicated favorable fish growth and healthy vegetable development. Water quality analysis showed a pH of 7.11 ± 0.58 and dissolved oxygen levels of 7.32 ± 0.18 mg/L. The average removal rates of total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, and nitrate were 36.2%, 27.7%, 47.15%, and 35.21%, respectively, indicating stable system operation. Amino acid nutrition analysis of the fish revealed a significant increase in flavor-enhancing amino acids. There were marked differences in the accumulation characteristics of nitrogen (TN), phosphorus (TP), potassium (Ka), and calcium (Ca) in the vegetable fruits. This research provides technical support for advancing water-saving and emission-reducing aquaculture and promoting the development of aquaponic systems for sustainable agriculture.