This study provides an in-depth analysis of the impact of chemical pollutants, heavy metals and other toxic substances originating from industrial enterprises on the composition of automorphic and hydromorphic soils under irrigation. The aim of this study is to assess the key industrial pollutants in the soil such as humus content, total nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and soil pH at the industrial zone in Uzbekistan. The research was conducted around major industrial zones in Navoi region taking samples at takyr-meadow and meadow-alluvial soils, including the Cement Plant (CP), Navoi nitrogen JSC (NN), Navoi Mining and Metallurgical Combine (NMMC), the Navoi Power Plant energy system (HS). The results showed that as the level of chemical contamination increases, significant differences emerge in the humus and nutrient content of the soil. In particular, humus content in layers close to industrial sources ranged between 0.91–1.09%, whereas in the background area, located approximately 20,000 m away, this value increased to 1.41%. A corresponding decline in total nitrogen and phosphorus levels was also observed. A strong correlation between humus and nitrogen was identified, with a carbon-to-nitrogen C:N ratio of 7–8, which is proposed as a key indicator for assessing the degree of organic matter decomposition and biological activity in the soil. pH analysis showed that in hydromorphic layers, pH values remained relatively buffered under the influence of contaminants, indicating a degree of stability. These results substantiate the need for comprehensive monitoring of indicators such as humus, NPK, and pH in assessing soil health.