This chapter traces the reconfiguration of education from the ideal of the knowledge society to the imperatives of the knowledge economy, showing how human and social capital have become central categories of neoliberal governance. It argues that learning is increasingly constructed as an individualized project of adaptability, responsibilization, and self-optimization, mediated by digital infrastructures that intensify surveillance and inequality. Grounded in the post-socialist transformations of Central and Eastern Europe, and Poland in particular, the analysis reveals a hybrid landscape in which neoliberal, nationalist, and technocratic logics intersect. The chapter highlights how the postdigital condition redefines both the purposes of schooling and what it means to be a learner, turning education into a contested arena where the promise of emancipation is undercut by regulation and stratification.