This chapter examines the role of the United Nations in addressing the structural problem of external debt. This represents one of the main obstacles to development in many countries of the Global South. Based on an analysis of debt dynamics and asymmetries in the international financial system, this work presents the main proposals made by the United Nations to promote a fairer and more sustainable framework. These include the adoption of principles on sovereign debt restructuring, the requirement of transparency in contracts, and the establishment of multilateral forums for the orderly resolution of debt crises. However, these initiatives have been limited in scope due to the lack of effective implementation mechanisms, coupled with insufficient political will from the most influential states and the resistance of private financial actors.