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According to WHO criteria, the gold standard for diagnosing osteoporosis and osteopenia, and to set the indication for specific drug therapy, is a DXA scan of the lumbar spine and the hip region. Bone density represents a surrogate parameter for bone strength. In practice, it is the most important method to assess osteoporotic fracture risk (Barron et al. Osteoporos Int 31(11):2103–2111, 2020; LeBoff et al. Osteoporos Int 33(10):2049–2102, 2022). A decrease in bone density in the osteoporotic range of one standard deviation doubles the fracture risk (Barron et al. Osteoporos Int 31(11):2103–2111, 2020; Kanis et al. Osteoporosis Int 31:1–12, 2020; LeBoff et al. Osteoporos Int 33(10):2049–2102, 2022). DXA is also incorporated in the most common fracture risk assessment algorithms, like FRAX.

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Risk Factors of Osteoporotic Fractures and Risk Assessment

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Reiner Bartl,
  • Christoph Bartl

摘要

According to WHO criteria, the gold standard for diagnosing osteoporosis and osteopenia, and to set the indication for specific drug therapy, is a DXA scan of the lumbar spine and the hip region. Bone density represents a surrogate parameter for bone strength. In practice, it is the most important method to assess osteoporotic fracture risk (Barron et al. Osteoporos Int 31(11):2103–2111, 2020; LeBoff et al. Osteoporos Int 33(10):2049–2102, 2022). A decrease in bone density in the osteoporotic range of one standard deviation doubles the fracture risk (Barron et al. Osteoporos Int 31(11):2103–2111, 2020; Kanis et al. Osteoporosis Int 31:1–12, 2020; LeBoff et al. Osteoporos Int 33(10):2049–2102, 2022). DXA is also incorporated in the most common fracture risk assessment algorithms, like FRAX.