Conservation agriculture (CA) is widely recognized as a climate-smart practice for strengthening the adaptative capacity and resilience of farming systems in the face of climate variability. A key pathway through which CA contributes to resilience lies in its regulation of micrometeorological variables, such as temperature, humidity, and wind, within cropping systems and plant canopies. These factors are intricately linked to crop development, influencing biomass accumulation and interacting with localized atmospheric dynamics throughout the growing season. CA systems offer distinct advantages over conventional tillage by conserving soil moisture, which becomes vital during dry periods. The moderated evaporation of water from the soil surface contributes to maintaining elevated humidity levels within the canopy, thus buffering plants against moisture stress. Furthermore, higher soil water contents under CA moderate heat exchange between the soil and the atmosphere, leading to more stable and favourable canopy temperatures. CA also promotes optimal crop stand density, which improves the interception of solar radiation and stabilizes the transfer of heat and moisture within the crop canopy. This canopy structure tempers with wind flow, creating more uniform conditions that support photosynthesis and enhance productivity. On a broader scale, CA contributes to climate mitigation efforts through greater carbon sequestration compared to conventional systems. These combined effects underscore CA’s ability to create a microclimate that supports both crop performance and environmental sustainability. This review synthesizes current evidence on these micrometeorological benefits of conservation agriculture over conventional systems. The objective of the review was to assess the effect of CA practices on micrometeorological variables (air and soil temperature, soil moisture, humidity, sunlight, greenhouse gas fluxes) in soil environment and within crop canopy. Such evidence can inform the scaling of CA practices in efforts to build climate-resilient agricultural landscapes. Furthermore, the review information contributes towards effective microclimate monitoring and the development of appropriate climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies.