Anxiety is perhaps one of the most under- or mis-diagnosed issues presenting in memory/dementia clinics for individuals with cognitive concerns. As with depression discussed previously, the relationship between anxiety and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has also been identified as bidirectional with perceived stress mediating pathways between anxiety and MCI (Jain et al., Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 38(3):e5899, 2023). The complexity of the relationship between anxiety and cognition requires ongoing exploration, although current research suggests the possibility of mitigating adverse outcomes with management of stress and anxiety.