Biological sex represents a significant factor playing a role in both the risk for dementia and mental health issues. This is evident in research reflecting significantly higher prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease and mental health issues in women versus men. Unfortunately, these sex-specific risks have not been adequately integrated directly into care within most clinical settings evaluating dementia and/or in consideration of risk for such neurodegenerative conditions. Regardless, this chapter will provide a review of emerging research in this area that I use in my clinical care of patients when considering possible neurodegenerative conditions.