Study of the Physicochemical Properties of Earth Bricks Used for the Restoration of the “Ksar Tabouaasamt” Mosque in Errachidia, Morocco
摘要
Earth, a widely available and ubiquitous material, has been used in construction for millennia, making raw earth construction the most widespread form of housing in the world. Unfortunately, this technique, with its many ecological, thermal and economic advantages, is tending to disappear in many countries in favor of concrete construction, an architectural approach that is not al-ways well-suited to every context. However, the issue of its low mechanical strength over time remains a brake on its reintroduction into civil engineering. It is in this perspective that this work aims to protect adobe constructions against degradation by reinforcing their mechanical resistance to compression. To this end, we characterized samples of de-bris from the walls of the “Ksar Tabouaasamt” mosque in Errachidia. Research into the development of earth bricks, particularly those made from stabilized clay soils, has revealed remarkable physical properties, such as good density and satisfactory mechanical strength. Based on examples of adobe constructions observed throughout the world as well as compression tests carried out, particularly on old rammed earth structures, it is clear that time does not negatively affect the durability of adobe. Indeed, the results show that the strength of adobe blocks remains stable over the years, even meeting the mini-mum requirements of reference standards such as CRATerre and RPCTerre 2011. Thanks to simple and regular maintenance, adobe is establishing itself as a durable, reliable building material that is perfectly suited to the local context, both technically and environmentally.