Acute diverticulitis is one of the most common diagnoses in emergency departments and outpatient clinics presenting most frequently as uncomplicated disease. In general, uncomplicated (simple) acute diverticulitis is differentiated from complicated acute diverticulitis; however, small bubbles of free air close to the colonic wall or laminated free liquid are still dubious in the definition of uncomplicated diverticulitis. The goal of treatment is symptom and inflammation relief, preventing disease progression and recurrence. Therapeutic strategies for uncomplicated diverticulitis have evolved in recent years to a more conservative attitude advocating outpatient treatment, oral administration or even complete avoidance of antibiotic treatment. Nevertheless, there is very little evidence on an adequate diet in the acute phase and discussion whether, when and in which patient an interval colonoscopy check-up should be advised. Regarding the pathways of recurrence, population-based cohort studies examine factors related to recurrence of acute diverticulitis analyzing patients’ related factors, characteristics of first and recurrent episodes, but also treatment and prevention strategies which may influence severity and probability of recurrent disease.