Acute diverticulitis is uncomplicated in most patients and often resolves with nonoperative therapy. Routine colonoscopy after an episode of uncomplicated diverticulitis diagnosed on cross-sectional imaging is not indicated for the majority of patients. The risk of recurrence and further complicated diverticulitis in these patients is much lower than previously anticipated. Recurrent episodes can also be managed nonoperatively in most patients. Routine elective colectomy after two episodes of diverticulitis is currently not recommended. The decision for surgery needs to be individualized, based on symptoms, the number of attacks, co-morbidities, the presence of fistulae and strictures, and other key relevant findings. Measures to decrease recurrence include a high fiber diet, a healthy lifestyle with increased physical activity, and avoidance of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Probiotics, mesalamine, and rifaximin do not help in decreasing recurrences. Nuts and seeds, as well as aspirin, need not be avoided by these patients.