Electric Vehicles (EVs) are rapidly gaining popularity worldwide, offering benefits such as reduced air pollution, lower travel costs, improved energy efficiency, and decreased dependence on fossil fuels. However, the rapid adoption of EVs also introduces challenges: low usage costs increase driving and congestion, and greater weight accelerates road wear and increases the severity of crashes for other road users. Equity concerns arise as wealthier households, able to buy EVs and install chargers, gain most benefits, while lower-income households bear more costs. Moreover, falling fuel tax revenues pose a major challenge for policymakers. A mileage tax can potentially address these challenges by discouraging excessive driving, promoting equity, and replacing declining fuel tax revenues. Despite pilot programs in several countries, little empirical evidence exists on consumer acceptance or on how design features shape support. This study examines consumer acceptance of mileage tax policies using a discrete choice experiment. Findings indicate that respondents prefer a single framework for all vehicles, rather than separate tax systems for EVs and fossil-fuel vehicles. Some differentiated rates, such as higher charges for high-emission vehicles, are acceptable. These insights provide valuable guidance for policymakers seeking to design mileage taxation that is both effective and publicly acceptable. The rapid global growth of Electric Vehicles (EVs) is reshaping automotive markets. Government incentives accelerate this transition by shifting consumer preferences, yet EV adoption also generates environmental and social challenges. A mileage tax has been proposed as a policy response capable of internalizing externalities, promoting equity, and replacing lost fuel tax revenues. This study uses a discrete choice experiment to examine consumer responses, showing a preference for a single framework covering all vehicles and conditional support for differentiated rates targeting high-emission vehicles. Whereas mileage tax programs risk discouraging EV adoption, policymakers can improve acceptance by moving away from uneven tax structures for EVs versus fossil-fuel vehicles and by carefully selecting mechanisms that emphasize equity. There are also managerial implications. EV manufacturers and dealers can lobby for a “mileage tax for all vehicles” framework so that potential EV buyers are not discouraged. Fossil-fuel vehicle manufacturers and dealers should diversify toward EVs in anticipation of such a policy, as mileage-based charges on higher-emission vehicles would likely reduce their sales. Additionally, if a mileage tax for all vehicles is implemented and differentiated by pollution level, it will increase demand for less-polluting fossil-fuel cars, because their owners will pay relatively lower tax rates.