Movable Antennas (MAs) and Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) are two emerging technologies that enable dynamic reconfiguration of the wireless propagation environment. This paper investigates their joint use in a downlink multi-user MIMO system, where both the antenna positions at the base station and the RIS phase shifts are optimized to maximize the achievable sum-rate. The system model accounts for practical hardware impairments through an error-vector-magnitude (EVM) distortion formulation and employs linear zero-forcing precoding at the transmitter. The resulting design problem is highly non-convex with coupled continuous variables and stringent geometric constraints on the MA locations. To tackle this challenge, we propose an Enhanced Differential Evolution (EDE) algorithm that combines self-adaptive control parameters with a constraint-repair mechanism and a lightweight local search step, enabling efficient exploration of the feasible configuration space. Simulation results demonstrate a strong synergy between MA repositioning and RIS wavefront shaping: the proposed joint optimization framework significantly outperforms fixed-antenna and RIS-only benchmarks as well as a conventional PSO-based scheme, achieving improvement in sum-rate under representative system settings, while maintaining a moderate computational complexity suitable for offline or slow-timescale network reconfiguration.

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Enhanced Differential Evolution for Joint Movable Antenna and RIS Optimization Under Hardware Impairments in MU-MIMO Systems

  • Tran Le Dung,
  • Ho Viet Duc Luong,
  • Nguyen Thi My Binh

摘要

Movable Antennas (MAs) and Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) are two emerging technologies that enable dynamic reconfiguration of the wireless propagation environment. This paper investigates their joint use in a downlink multi-user MIMO system, where both the antenna positions at the base station and the RIS phase shifts are optimized to maximize the achievable sum-rate. The system model accounts for practical hardware impairments through an error-vector-magnitude (EVM) distortion formulation and employs linear zero-forcing precoding at the transmitter. The resulting design problem is highly non-convex with coupled continuous variables and stringent geometric constraints on the MA locations. To tackle this challenge, we propose an Enhanced Differential Evolution (EDE) algorithm that combines self-adaptive control parameters with a constraint-repair mechanism and a lightweight local search step, enabling efficient exploration of the feasible configuration space. Simulation results demonstrate a strong synergy between MA repositioning and RIS wavefront shaping: the proposed joint optimization framework significantly outperforms fixed-antenna and RIS-only benchmarks as well as a conventional PSO-based scheme, achieving improvement in sum-rate under representative system settings, while maintaining a moderate computational complexity suitable for offline or slow-timescale network reconfiguration.