Noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques are increasingly applied in the clinic with a fast-growing body of evidence regarding their value in diagnostic radiology. In contrast to biochemical or histological markers, the key advantages of imaging biomarkers are the noninvasive nature and the spatial and temporal resolution of these approaches. This chapter focuses on clinical applications of novel MR biomarkers in humans with a strong focus on oncologic diseases. These include both clinically established biomarkers (parts 1–4) and novel MRI techniques that recently demonstrated high potential for clinical utility (parts 5–7).