Germany has a unique status in the development of both Protestantism and Turnerism, which have contributed to the formation of a distinct national gymnastics concept. In 2017, the 500th anniversary of Martin Luther’s act of nailing the theses on the door of the Church of Wittenberg [on October 31st, 1517] was commemorated. Three centuries later, Ludwig JahnJahn, Ludwig (1778–1852), son of a Protestant minister, established a gymnastics facility in a Berlin park, the so-called Hasenheide. Here, young boys and students were instructed in the principles of ‘body and mind’ according to Jahn’s slogan, ‘frisch, fromm, fröhlich, frei’ (fresh, pious, cheerful, free). The concept of piety has been a subject of extensive discussion among contemporary gymnasts, with some considering it to be outdated and, indeed, incompatible with a free and enlightened world. German turners (and later, the sports movement) were strongly committed to Christian ideals and morality, which bore certain similarities and differences to the British concept of Muscular Christianity. The chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the development of the religious and Christian-motivated sports movement in Germany, and it discusses the differences between religions and substitute religions such as sports.