Large-scale planting of native and nonnative trees (e.g., eucalypts) in Malaysia began approximately 15 years ago. These forest plantations are highly economically important with respect to supplying timber locally and internationally. This national initiative also reduces logging pressure on natural forests. However, owing to differences in habitat structure and floristic composition, planted forests may be able to support only some but not all native wildlife species, as do natural forests. This chapter reviews 56 published works on eucalypt plantations in different countries to identify which animal species, both vertebrates and invertebrates, have benefited from these plantations or not. This finding also explains why certain species thrive in plantations while others do not, from an ecological point of view. This review is essential considering the increasing concerns over the role of forest plantations, specifically eucalypt planting, in biodiversity conservation. Recommendations are given on planting systems and practices that increase native biodiversity, which is essential if the ultimate aim of establishing planted forests is to improve their role in meeting the goals of sustainable development and biodiversity conservation in the long run.