Striving for a carbon-neutral and competitive existence necessitates a strategic approach that improves sustainability without compromising efficiency. Lean Six Sigma (LSS) is widely adopted to drive operational efficiency, increase cost-effectiveness, and improve quality; however, it is also challenged by a lack of focus on managing environmental sustainability issues. Consequently, the need to integrate sustainability into LSS has become a critical concern for organizations. Green Lean Six Sigma (GLSS) is a strategy that integrates aspects of Lean, Six Sigma, and sustainable practices, employing the DMAIC approach (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) to enhance the efficiency of operations while reducing waste and environmental impact. For this purpose, a systematic literature review including bibliometric and content analysis was conducted to identify how the integration of Green Lean Six Sigma within the DMAIC approach influences organizational sustainability performance, and what barriers are associated with its effective implementation. The results indicate that the incorporation of GLSS significantly improves sustainability performance. The analysis identified several key success factors, including leadership commitment, identification of sustainability metrics, employees training, and choosing suitable GLSS tools carefully to suit specific sustainability goals. However, some challenges were also identified, including change resistance and insufficient knowledge of training required.