The industry’s circularity transition is a critical but challenging issue in Circular Manufacturing Systems (CMS) mainly due to increased process complexity and high uncertainties, particularly but not limited to the quantity and quality of returned products. This study applies the PRISMA framework to identify the most significant drivers and barriers on industry-based case studies. A systematic review of case studies indicates that while circular practices increase process complexity, they also offer other benefits, such as cost savings. To address these challenges, this research proposes a simulation-based analysis focused on uncertainty management. The outcomes offer practical recommendations for companies to address these challenges through structured steps in a discrete simulation environment.