Benign anorectal conditions such as hemorrhoids, anal fissures, abscesses, and fistulas are commonly encountered in all clinical settings. It is imperative to be able to distinguish between each of the benign conditions to provide the patient with adequate resources and treatment. One of the most important aspects of the exam when a patient presents with one of these conditions is obtaining a thorough history, including bleeding, bowel habits, water and fiber intake, understanding baseline continence, prior occurrences, colonoscopy history, prior anorectal and obstetrical procedures, and history of malignancies. Many of the benign conditions of the anus can be diagnosed on exams in the office based on the patient’s ability to tolerate a digital rectal exam or anoscopy. If a patient requires an operative exam under anesthesia, this can be done for diagnostic purposes or for treatment of each of the conditions discussed in this chapter. This chapter will focus on diagnosis and both nonoperative and operative management of hemorrhoids, anal fistulas, and fissures.