The management of diverticular disease of the colon has continually evolved over the past few decades. Diverticulitis is a common problem that can lead to hospital admission and management. The understanding of diverticulitis and its management is critical to optimal patient care. There are various “red flags” and complications that can be seen in diverticulitis that will help to guide management. The workup for diverticulitis typically includes a thorough clinical exam as well as the use of endoscopy and CT imaging. The role of surgery is the removal of clinically severe disease along with the distal sigmoid high-pressure zone to permit optimal function of the remaining colon. This chapter seeks to highlight these points and more to provide a review of diverticulitis, especially from the surgical perspective.