Advanced practice providers (APPs) play an integral role in the care of critically ill patients. From being a part of a housestaff-based team to independent providers, APPs provide continuity and consistency across intensive care units (ICUs). Particularly, within the surgical ICU (SICU), patients present with a variety of pathologies both related to and independent of the surgery they received. This chapter presents a broad overview of the role of APPs within the SICU and some of the common pathologies that are frequently encountered.