Traumatic events always happen in a cultural and historical context that shapes and assigns significance to them. Individuals experience trauma and its aftermath in interaction with this context. Structural problems and inequalities prior to the traumatic events are reflected in the composition and characteristics of the victims. Gender is an important dimension of structural inequality. Traumatic events and their impacts upon people have to be understood from a perspective that is sensitive to and informed about social inequalities, including gender. The available evidence indicates that men and women experience different risks, vulnerabilities and reactions in the face of traumatic events. However, there is a need for more information about how age, class, ethnicity or level of education interact with gender. This may enable future researchers to be more sensitive to differences not only between men and women but also between different groups within one gender. Reviewing available evidence about traumatic experiences and their varying impact on women and men, this chapter tries to contribute to a gender-sensitive approach to traumatic events, environments and experiences.