Canihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule) is a new climate-resilient pseudo-cereal with a strong reputation due to its high nutritional values and the capacity to grow under harsh conditions. The development of interest on sustainable and nutritious crops around the world has led to the need to know the agronomic behaviour of the crop, its adaptation capacity and the role it plays in food and nutrition security. This chapter will provide an overall review of the ecological, physiological, nutritional and yield performance of Canihua in different climatic settings, and its growing contribution in food and industrial purposes. Based on case-study evidence, canihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule) shows strong agronomic performance, resilience, and food-use potential. A field experiment in the Peruvian Altiplano recorded significant varietal differences in grain yield, with Pitojiura (976.1 kg ha−1), K’ello (913.7 kg ha−1), Chilliwa Rosada (886.8 kg ha−1), and Puca (869.8 kg ha−1) outperforming other varieties, while Cupi produced the lowest yield. Germplasm evaluations indicated that most accessions-maintained yield despite the presence of Eurysacca quinoae larvae and Peronospora disease, demonstrating inherent pest and disease tolerance. Food-based studies further confirmed the nutritional and functional value of canihua, including the development of elder-friendly mousse with antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties and fermented gluten-free bread with improved amino acid composition, mineral bioavailability, and antioxidant capacity. These findings emphasize the role of high-yielding varieties, tolerant germplasm, and value-added processing in strengthening canihua utilization.